¿Temes a la robotización laboral?

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Cada vez es más común ver análisis y artículos que advierten sobre el impacto de las nuevas tecnologías en el empleo. Los hay desde los apocalípticos que afirman que los robots -ya sean las grandes maquinarias de la industria o simples cajeros automáticos- provocarán la pérdida de miles de puestos de trabajo; hasta los que sostienen que, aunque la automatización puede afectar ciertas tareas, este nuevo escenario implicará un cambio en la adquisición de habilidades y en lo que se enseña para adaptarse a las nuevas demandas del mercado laboral. Pero, ¿cómo se prepara América Latina para hacer frente a este escenario? Argentina y Uruguay han experimentado un cambio en el perfil del empleo, pasando de ser intensivo en tareas manuales rutinarias hacia tareas más cognitivas. Ello es producto del proceso de cambio tecnológico que ambos países vienen experimentando. El principal desafío de mediano plazo está en las tareas proclives a la automatización, asociadas a un preocupante incremento del desempleo tecnológico y al envejecimiento de la fuerza laboral. Entrevistamos a Ignacio Apella, experto en Protección Social del Banco Mundial y uno de los autores del estudio “Cambio tecnológico y el mercado de trabajo en Argentina y Uruguay: Un Análisis desde el enfoque de tareas”, para que nos explique los hallazgos en estos dos países y sus implicancias en el resto de la región. Pregunta. Según el estudio, el impacto del cambio tecnológico sobre el mercado de trabajo va más allá del empleo mismo, también tiene efecto en países con marcado envejecimiento poblacional ¿Cuál es la relación? Respuesta. Hace dos años iniciamos una investigación que trataba de entender cuáles eran los desafíos que plantea el envejecimiento poblacional en términos económicos en Uruguay y Argentina. Entre varios hallazgos uno que sobresale es que el proceso de envejecimiento plantea una restricción para sostener el crecimiento económico en el largo plazo. ¿Por qué? Porque una población más envejecida implica una menor cantidad de gente en edad de trabajar y por tanto menor capacidad de producir bienes y servicios. Una respuesta posible para sortear esta restricción es el incremento de la productividad laboral; es decir, aún con una menor cantidad de población en edad de trabajar, se puede producir más y de esa manera sostener el crecimiento del producto per cápita. Después de varias discusiones con los gobiernos de ambos países entendimos que este fenómeno que está ocurriendo se da junto otra mega tendencia que es el cambio tecnológico. Este existe desde que se inventó la rueda, el tema es que en los últimos 20 o 30 años se da con mayor velocidad. Y eso es una gran oportunidad que tienen los países que están atravesando este proceso de envejecimiento, porque el cambio tecnológico te permite incrementar la productividad global de la economía, que es lo que estamos buscando en este contexto. El problema es que esta gran oportunidad también implica grandes desafíos por sus efectos en el mercado de trabajo. Entonces a partir de eso tratamos de entender con este último estudio cuáles eran esas implicancias, los riesgos y los desafíos tecnológicos sobre el mercado de trabajo. P. La robotización tiene un impacto directo en el mercado laboral, lo que está requiriendo más mano de obra calificada. ¿Cómo se presenta este desafío para elevar la productividad laboral? R. Cuando se habla de robotización no se habla del gran robot que podemos ver en la Boston University, hablamos de un cajero automático, de un traductor online. Cuando hablamos de robots se trata de máquinas físicas y las digitales. Hay que aclarar que la robotización no hace desaparecer ocupaciones, o puestos de trabajo, lo que reemplaza son tareas que los trabajadores desarrollamos en las ocupaciones. Cualquier trabajador desarrolla en su trabajo un conjunto de tareas, que son diversas. Las máquinas vienen a reemplazar algunas de ellas. En este sentido, el tipo de tareas que la automatización puede reemplazar o sustituir son aquellas que se caracterizan por ser rutinarias, que tienen un conjunto definido de acciones que se repiten invariantemente y eso las hace susceptibles de ser automatizadas. El riesgo que enfrenta el mercado de trabajo es una reducción del empleo destinado a la realización de este tipo de tareas rutinarias. En especial las manuales, aunque tampoco se eximen las cognitivas, es decir aquellas que requieren del conocimiento. En este caso doy el ejemplo de los traductores. La ocupación es la de traductor, y una de las tareas que realiza es identificar la frase, su estructura gramatical y traducirla. Esta es una tarea cognitiva, pero es rutinaria. Un traductor online puede realizar esa tarea. De hecho, los traductores digitales ahora lo hacen mucho mejor que hace 10 años atrás debido a que van aprendiendo patrones de comportamiento, los cuales son incorporados por los propios usuarios. Entonces, no son solo las tareas rutinarias manuales las que están en riesgo sino también las de carácter cognitivo. P. ¿Cuáles son las recomendaciones para hacer frente a esto y como garantizar que un país en envejecimiento cuente con una población en edad laboral que está lo suficientemente preparada para aprovechar el cambio tecnológico? R. El cambio tecnológico es bienvenido, porque permite incrementos de productividad de la economía y de esa manera genera capacidad para crecer, pero puede traer -a diferencia de la primera revolución industrial- una mayor desigualdad en la distribución del ingreso. El mercado de trabajo corre el riesgo de polarizarse. Esto significa que quedan dos grupos de trabajadores: los que tienen altísima calificación y que desarrollan tareas no susceptibles de automatización, es decir las tareas cognitivas no rutinarias (que necesitan del uso del pensamiento crítico, resolución de problemas, creatividad, innovación, relaciones interpersonales) y que se asocian con altos ingresos. En el otro extremo queda un grupo de trabajadores de menor nivel de calificación, que se dedica a la realización de tareas que quedaron remanentes en el mercado, en general, las manuales no rutinarias que no son susceptibles de ser automatizadas pero que generan menores ingresos. En el medio, los trabajadores de calificación media y de ingresos medios corren el riesgo de quedar fuera del mercado. Y en es en este tramo donde se ubica la clase media, empleada en los sectores de servicios y la industria. A partir de este diagnóstico entendemos que hay dos grandes desafíos, uno de corto plazo y otro de mediano y largo plazo pero que requiere de acciones ya, en especial teniendo en cuenta la velocidad con la que transcurre este cambio tecnológico. En el corto plazo, el primer riesgo es el desempleo tecnológico que se puede generar. Aquí hay dos alternativas de política pública para ser evaluadas: la primera es la restricción, es decir, proteger aquellos sectores que son intensivos en aquellas tareas susceptibles a ser automatizadas, de manera tal que la automatización no penetre en esos sectores y por lo tanto no desplace trabajadores. En vista del continuo cambio tecnológico, el esfuerzo que se debe hacer tiene que ser continuo y también los son los costos de la intervención. Se ha hecho, hay actores de poder que juegan y presionan y tienen algún tipo de injerencia, pero no me parece una opción efectiva en el corto plazo. Alternativamente, y me parece más eficiente, es mejorar todos los programas de formación continua, los que otorgan habilidades a los adultos jóvenes a fin de poder readaptarlos a las nuevas condiciones de trabajo y que puedan desarrollar otro tipo de tareas que no estaban acostumbrados. En el largo plazo, el desafío es que, en vista de que todo cambio genera ocupaciones nuevas que no podemos vaticinar, no sabemos cómo formar a los niños de hoy. Creemos que vale la pena repensar el sistema educativo en su conjunto en los tres niveles -primera infancia, primaria y secundaria – como un todo, tratar de evaluar la pertinencia de los contenidos que se enseñan y también mejorar el sistema a través del cual se otorga y se adquiere el conocimiento. Tenemos que cambiar de un sistema de memorización a uno de más análisis crítico. A los niños se les sigue exigiendo que estudien de memoria cuando en realidad tenemos un disco rígido de 1 terabyte con mayor capacidad de memoria que uno. Esa es la discusión que se debe plantear. Es difícil, hay actores en el juego que reaccionan, pero me parece que es un debate que hay que ponerlo en la mesa.

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  • Colombia: Deputy Director for Programs

    Organization: International Rescue Committee
    Country: Colombia
    Closing date: 01 Apr 2019

    BACKGROUND:

    The International Rescue Committee (IRC) responds to the world’s worst humanitarian crises and helps people whose lives and livelihoods are shattered by conflict and disaster to survive, recover, and gain control of their future. Founded in 1933 at the request of Albert Einstein, the IRC works with people forced to flee from war, conflict and disaster and the host communities which support them, as well as those who remain within their homes and communities. At work today in over 40 countries and 22 U.S. cities, we restore safety, dignity and hope to millions who are uprooted and struggling to endure. The IRC leads the way from harm to home.

    IRC COLOMBIA

    A combined two decades of economic mismanagement, a drop in oil prices, and the deterioration of democratic institutions has resulted in a humanitarian crisis inside Venezuela. Insecurity has manifested following protests in April 2017 against the president and his government, particularly for failing to address the growing inflation rate which lead to large-scale food insecurity. The demonstrations were initially peaceful but grew in severity of violence as time passed. Venezuela’s economic devastation worsened in the last half of 2017. This caused a massive migration of Venezuelans into neighboring Colombia in search of affordable food, medicine and work. The number of Venezuelans living in Colombia has increased to more than one million people.

    In response, the IRC has launched emergency programming in Colombia, focusing on an integrated response involving child protection, women’s protection and empowerment activities, primary and reproductive healthcare, and cash transfer programming. The IRC is in the process of delivering these and future activities directly in Colombia, and in partnership with local civil society organizations in Venezuela. In Colombia, IRC currently has operations in Cucuta, and Medellin, and is soon to expand to Bogota and Barranquilla.

    Length of Assignment: 2 years

    PLEASE SUBMIT AN ENGLISH CV.

    JOB OVERVIEW/SUMMARY:

    The position of Deputy Director of Programs (DDP) is a member of the Senior Management Team and is integral to the successful implementation of IRC’s programs in Colombia. Working under the direction of the Country Director (CD), the DDP is responsible for overall program direction and implementation within the program framework, government policies and strategies, and in compliance with donor regulations, specifically in the areas of a) grant management b) program development, quality and implementation c) day-to-day representation with donor agencies and local and international stakeholders, and d) Monitoring, evaluation, accountability, and learning.

    The DDP will spearhead the development and execution of the Country Strategic Plan and also be responsible for supervising the Health, Child Protection, Women’s Protection and Empowerment, Economic Recovery and Development and Grants Coordinator. This position will work closely and collaboratively with the different departments within the country program, the IRC technical advisors and the IRC Emergency Unit.

    The DDP will be based in Bogota, Colombia, with frequent travel to Cucuta, Medellin, Barranquilla, and any other national sites in Colombia where IRC designs and develops programming.

    MAJOR RESPONSIBILITIES:

    Program Strategy, Design and Fundraising

    • Lead the operationalization of the current IRC Colombia response strategy and actively engage in strategic planning processes for the longer term.
    • Ensure, with Coordinators, and HQ-based Technical Unit staff, that project design reflects IRC program quality standards and industry best practices.
    • Lead efforts for sustainable program growth, proactively identifying opportunities for new programming initiatives and emphasizing multi-year funding to support them.
    • Provide leadership support to the program and grants teams to develop competitive, evidence-based and cost-effective funding applications.
    • Provide guidance, strategies and tools to ensure that program choices are based on needs assessment findings (primary & secondary data) and analysis, input from communities, a thorough understanding of context, technical best practices, and operational viability.
    • Formulate integrated program initiatives so that technical sectors complement each other and promote mainstreaming of protection principles and gender-responsive approaches.

    Program Management – Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation

    • Provide overall leadership and management of IRC Colombia program portfolio, ensuring strategically coherent program direction, well-managed growth, and compliance with IRC and donor regulations.
    • Continually seek out ways to build the capacities of the program team members, individually and collectively.
    • Ensure that detailed, realistic and feasible project implementation plans are developed, and modified as needed, in collaboration with the Program Coordinators and Operations team.
    • Coordinate with other members of the Senior Management Team on appropriate management, compliance and performance standards, as well as effective systems for budget management, knowledge management and risk management.
    • Support programming staff to collect, document and disseminate lessons learned and best practices, incorporating these into new project designs.
    • With program staff, develop effective and appropriate M&E plans, including methodologies and tools to strengthen the quality of data collection, analysis and reporting.
    • Review M&E and accountability data with program staff to identify and address areas for operational improvement.

    Grants Management

    • Provide strategic direction in terms of development of a funding strategy, widening and strengthening donor base, ensuring quality grants management, ensuring compliance with donor requirements, ensuring quality information management related to programs/ grants, and supporting directly in all aspects of the proposal development and reporting processes.
    • Supervise all internal, external and reporting with programs and finance, ensuring high-quality, well-written and timely reports meeting donor and IRC and partner requirements; conduct thorough reviews and/or revisions of all external reports compiled by the Grants Coordinator.
    • Ensure that Program Coordinators and Grants Senior Manager conduct routine monitoring visits to implementation sites to ensure donor compliance and quality program implementation.
    • Coordinate with the Program Coordinators and Grants and Finance teams to ensure sound budget management, expense control and timely contractual documentation.
    • Support the Grants Senior Manager to lead Grant Opening and Grant Closing Meetings with all relevant department and units and to ensure they take place on time. Also ensure that programming staff are well trained to properly manage project budgets.
    • Ensure that the program coordinators review BvAs on a regular basis; provide leadership and management support to ensure effective monthly grant review meetings.
    • Mitigate any potential risk by collaborating with the Finance Department to ensure that programming staff fully understand financial and administrative processes involved in project budget cycles.

    External Representation and Advocacy

    • Develop a sound understanding of the IRC’s programs to be able to professionally represent the IRC to implementing partners, the government and donors;
    • Assist the Country Director developing strong relationships with donors, assisting with visits and in the development of appropriate advocacy actions;
    • Forge and maintain solid cooperation with partner organizations through regular communication, cooperation and, where appropriate, joint decision-making.
    • Act as the focal point for program-related communication between IRC country programs in the region and worldwide offices.
    • Identify funding opportunities and track them in collaboration with the technical teams.
    • Oversee programmatic inputs to advocacy efforts both in-country and globally.

    Staff Management and Development

    • Provide guidance and supervision to the technical coordinators, M&E Manager, the grants senior manager, information officers; to discuss job expectations, set objectives and provide appropriate and timely feedback on performance of direct reports, including timely implementation of performance management system.
    • Create a supervisory environment focused on the achievement of team and individual results that emphasizes the importance of learning, productivity, accountability and openness
    • Adhere to IRC’s performance management system, providing regular, timely and thoughtful coaching, feedback, performance assessment, and professional development for all direct reports, while making sure that they do the same for their direct reports.
    • Build capacities of programming staff in key project management principles, tools and approaches and ensure that these new skills are utilized on the job.
    • Manage recruitment, hiring and development of high-performing national staff to assume greater levels of responsibility.
    • Provide leadership support for the successful implementation of and adherence to the IRC Global HR Operating Policies and Procedures.

    PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS

    The IRC and IRC staff must adhere to the values and principles outlined in IRC Way – Standards for Professional Conduct. These are Integrity, Service, and Accountability. In accordance with these values, the IRC operates and enforces policies on Beneficiary Protection from Exploitation and Abuse, Child Safeguarding, Anti Workplace Harassment, Fiscal Integrity, and Anti-Retaliation.

    As a leader you will be placed in a position of trust. To maintain that trust, you are expected to always:

    • Lead by example and be a positive role model to others.
    • Promote awareness of the IRC’s standards and make sure those you supervise are equipped with the knowledge and resources they need to comply with them.
    • Monitor conduct of those you supervise and take responsibility for activities that occur under your supervision.
    • Be responsive to anyone who raises an ethics or compliance concern and make sure matters are resolved in a fair and appropriate manner.

    KEY WORKING RELATIONSHIPS

    • Country Director, Colombia and Venezuela
    • Other Colombia-based staff, including operations, finance, and grants
    • Technical Advisors (based globally) and any roster staff required to support program staff inside Venezuela
    • Awards Management Unit to support all compliance and reporting for partners, as well as proposals
    • Global Supply Chain to procure goods and support partners to procure
    • Communications and Advocacy units to support any key messages at external meetings
    • Global Security to support any risk analysis and mitigation
    • Emergency Unit

    REQUIREMENTS

    Master’s degree in Development Studies, International Relations, Social Sciences or a similar field;

    Minimum eight years of management experience working in a humanitarian or development setting with a minimum of five years of INGO program management experience.

    Experience in managing protection, ERD and/or health, and experience working in partnership with local organizations, is strongly desired.

    Proven ability to develop winning proposals to public and private-sector donors;

    Familiarity and experience with US and European, donors;

    Previous experience managing programs financed by US government agencies, DFID, EU, foundations and private donors a must, with previous experience in competitive environments a plus.

    Proven ability to manage projects to completion on time, within budget, and with the anticipated results.

    Ability to respond to multiple priorities in a timely manner, producing high-quality outcomes.

    Demonstrated successful leadership experience with a multi-disciplinary team in a cross-cultural setting, including active mentoring and coaching. Strong leadership, motivational and team-building skills;

    Proven fluency in English and Spanish a must

    How to apply:

    https://rescue.csod.com/ats/careersite/jobdetails.aspx?site=1&c=rescue&id=3988

  • Colombia: Oficial Grants

    Organization: Save the Children
    Country: Colombia
    Closing date: 10 Mar 2019
    TITULO DEL PUESTO: Oficial Grants

    EQUIPO/PROGRAMA: Desarrollo de programas y Calidad

    UBICACION: Bogotá

    GRADO: 4 – oficiales

    Tipo de Contrato: Término Definido a 31 de dic…

  • Brazil: Corporate Alliances Acquisition Associate, GS-6, Brasília, Brazil post# 109567

    Organization: UN Children’s Fund
    Country: Brazil
    Closing date: 07 Mar 2019

    UNICEF works in some of the world’s toughest places, to reach the world’s most disadvantaged children. To save their lives. To defend their rights. To help them fulfill their potential.

    Across 190 countries and territories, we work for every child, everywhere, every day, to build a better world for everyone.

    And we never give up.

    For every child, make a difference

    The Corporate Partnerships team has ambitious fundraising targets and outcomes to be reached based on market potential and building on successful results of 2018. Our aim and vision are to develop, manage and enhance the fundraising potential of working with businesses in Brazil and a core part of achieving this vision is the Corporate Alliances (CA) acquisition team (new business).

    After review, additional resource is being created to support the Acquisition (new business team) to embrace the new fundraising challenges and to reach the extra income success. The Corporate Alliances Acquisition Associate will support the CA Acquisition (new business) team with a strategic focus on customer engagement and cause related marketing (CRM) alliance models. The role will have the objective to support the leverage of the flexible or non-fixed income fundraising potential to support both, the local and global UNICEF Programme.

    For further information, please visit www.unicef.org.br

    How can you make a difference?

    Under the supervision of the Corporate Fundraising Officer (Acquisition), the Acquisition Associate will undertake supporting tasks for new business such as:

  • Assist in specifying the pipeline and building corporate alliances focused on customer engagement and cause related marketing (CRM) models, but not exclusively in those formats.
  • Support in the initial preparation of proposals with the new business team.
  • Assist on the implementation of the alliances and on reaching planned results.

    • Join our team to be responsible for:

    1) Implementation of corporate alliances focused on customer engagement and cause related marketing (CRM) models and other acquisition campaigns:

  • Continuously map new corporate partnership opportunities, initiate contact with the companies’ focal points, and participate in the alliances’ prospecting processes;
  • Proceed with the Geneva clearance process on potential and current donor companies on a weekly basis;
  • Prepare and internally/externally approve the partnership contract; and keep corporate prospection planning documents update;
  • Follow up the delivering of annual reports to the partners and support in the negotiation of renewal focusing on the best results for UNICEF;
  • Support the planning and implementation processes of the corporate alliances campaigns by following up the milestones and results of it in collaboration with Market Services team;
  • Approach partners during emergency campaigns to explore additional fundraising opportunities;
  • Continuously research and test new and innovative ways of work to improve quality in results and to simplify procedures of processing the donations;
  • Monthly searching about competitors’ corporate alliances mechanisms and good practices, evaluating replicability;
  • Fortnightly, support plan and project pitches and campaigns with Marketing Services support and other related areas, including outsourced agencies.

    • 2) Suppliers relationship:

  • Assist and support in developing, drafting and maintaining contract information, monitoring reports and relationships with current and new providers involved in the corporate alliances through UNICEF;
  • Assist the development of new providers and follow up biding processes with Operations Sector / RM&P Associate as required;

  • Ensure that the providers’ payments are due and delivered on time.

    • 3) Monitoring and Evaluation:

  • Monitor and support the implementation of the corporate alliances campaigns to target audiences and participate in the evaluation of their impact. Monitor and evaluate the use and effectiveness of each campaign materials/channels;
  • Support and monitor the level of fulfilment and success in donations processing, by analyzing and studying the best way to improve it;
  • Conduct the target and results analysis and control. Continuously monitoring campaign goals and marketing metrics related to customer engagement;

  • Compile lessons learned and support the review of successful and unsuccessful campaigns.

    • 4) Assignments of additional administrative duties and responsibilities:

  • Map potential companies from different segments and support on organizing the list of priority companies to be reached and prospected on a monthly basis;
  • Research about the prospected companies and support the evaluation of fundraising opportunities;
  • Assist the preparation of periodical corporate alliances fundraising reports, monitor and maintain control of records and results;

  • Develop, organize and maintain up-to-date data, information, record documents and control plans for the monitoring of project implementation; maintains library of corporate alliances reference materials.

    • To qualify as an advocate for every child you will have…

  • Completion of secondary education preferably supplemented by technical or university courses related to the work of the organization. A University degree is desirable (Business Administration, International Relations, Economics or Marketing);
  • At least six years of professional experience related to corporate fundraising, clients’ engagement, partnership development, or marketing;
  • Experience in retail sales is an asset
  • Fluency in Portuguese and English. Knowledge of Spanish will be considered as an asset

    • For every Child, you demonstrate

    UNICEF’s core values of Commitment, Diversity and Integrity and core competencies in Communication, Working with People and Drive for Results.

    The technical competencies required for this post are Relating and networking (I), Persuading and influencing (II), Planning and organizing (I) and Following Instructions and Procedures (II)

    View our competency framework at

    http://www.unicef.org/about/employ/files/UNICEF_Competencies.pdf

    UNICEF is committed to diversity and inclusion within its workforce, and encourages all candidates, irrespective of gender, nationality, religious and ethnic backgrounds, including persons living with disabilities, to apply to become a part of the organization.

    UNICEF has a zero-tolerance policy on conduct that is incompatible with the aims and objectives of the United Nations and UNICEF, including sexual exploitation and abuse, sexual harassment, abuse of authority and discrimination. UNICEF also adheres to strict child safeguarding principles. All selected candidates will, therefore, undergo rigorous reference and background checks, and will be expected to adhere to these standards and principles.

    Remarks:

    Only shortlisted candidates will be contacted and advance to the next stage of the selection process.

    Candidates must be Brazilian citizens or have a valid work permit.

    All candidates who wish to apply to this Vacancy Announcement are requested to prepare and submit their application in English.

    How to apply:

    UNICEF is committed to diversity and inclusion within its workforce, and encourages qualified female and male candidates from all national, religious and ethnic backgrounds, including persons living with disabilities, to apply to become a part of our organization. To apply, click on the following link http://www.unicef.org/about/employ/?job=520028

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