WASHINGTON, D.C., April 28, 2017.- More than 3.8 million Peruvians will benefit from a new integrated water management project financed with a US$ 40 million loan approved today by the World Bank Board of Directors. The project, Integrated Mana…
WASHINGTON, April 28, 2017 – The World Bank’s Board of Executive Directors today approved the following project: Guyana Education Sector Improvement Project IDA Credit: US$13.3 million Terms: Maturity = 25 years, Grace = 5 years Project ID: P159519 Project Description: The project aims to improve the quality of teaching and student’s achievements in mathematics in selected primary schools; and help strengthen the medical faculty of the University of Guyana. For more information, please visit here: http://projects.worldbank.org/P159519?lang=en
WASHINGTON, April 28, 2017 – The World Bank’s Board of Executive Directors today approved the following project:PERU – Integrated Water Resources Management in Ten Basins IBRD Loan: US $40 million equivalent Terms: Maturity = 7 years, Grace = 5 years Project ID: P151851 Project Description: The project will strengthen the capacity of targeted water resources management institutions to plan, monitor and manage water resources at national level and in selected river basins in Peru. For more information, please visit here: http://projects.worldbank.org/P151851?lang=en
Washington, April 28 2017 – More than 150,000 students and teachers will improve Mathematics learning and teaching, and benefit from an improved medical faculty as a result of a US$13.3 million credit from the International Development Association (IDA) approved today by the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank. Guyana has achieved near-universal primary education enrollment between 2014 and 2017 and secondary education is expanding rapidly. Education continues to be a priority for the government. However, low quality of teaching and learning at all levels and inequalities in learning outcomes present significant challenges. Only 14 percent of grade 2 students achieved ‘standard’ scores in literacy and numeracy in 2016. “Quality education is one of the strongest instruments for reducing poverty and boosting inclusive growth. Improving the quality of teaching is essential to ensure that the skills learned in the classroom lay the foundation for future work-place success,” said Tahseen Sayed, World Bank country director for the Caribbean. “The World bank remains Guyana’s strong partner to support enhancements in teaching competencies and improvements in students learning outcomes”. Among concrete results to be achieved by the project are:A new curriculum framework, teaching guides and course outlines for nursery, primary and lower secondary levels;6,500 teachers trained in the new curriculum; · A new building and facilities for the University of Guyana’s Faculty of Health Sciences; andImproved standards of the University of Guyana’s medical program in line with the Caribbean Accreditation Authority in Medicine and other Health Professions. The project builds on a long engagement in education in Guyana, including two previous and three ongoing projects amounting to about US$ 62 Million. It is financed by IDA, the World Bank Group’s concessional financing window. It also builds on UNICEF-Bank collaboration to improve nursery education and will help Guyana meet health education standards of the Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO) in health education. The credit has a final maturity of 25 years, including a grace period of 5 years.
Program will benefit more than 300,000 residents of the capital of Brazil’s Ceará state WASHINGTON, April 28, 2017 – More than 300,000 residents of Fortaleza, capital of the Brazilian state of Ceará, will benefit from a US$73.3 million loan approved today by the World Bank Board of Executive Directors for the Fortaleza Sustainable Urban Development Project. This operation will help improve planning and access to basic public services for the poor, reduce the municipality’s vulnerability to climate change and natural disasters, and help address challenges such as lack of quality public spaces, pollution, and limited investment capacity. The investment will focus on improving land use planning and land-based financing, and also promote the urban and environmental restoration of selected areas of the Vertente Marítima Basin and the Rachel de Queiroz Park. Fortaleza is Brazil’s fifth largest city, with a population of almost 2.6 million people. It has experienced sprawling rapid growth in the past decades, resulting in the encroachment of environmentally protected areas, parks and green spaces. “This project – and the investments to be made in environmental restoration, infrastructure and rehabilitation of urban areas – will start what can be a long-term transformation process in our city," says Roberto Cláudio, mayor of Fortaleza. “It is about promoting social inclusion and more sustainable growth. It is about making Fortaleza more livable, resilient, competitive and inclusive". Named after the most prestigious female writer of Ceará, the Raquel de Queiroz Park is the second biggest conservation area of Fortaleza, with 10km, crossing 14 neighborhoods. The park will benefit from new access roads, walking paths, bicycle paths, and basic amenities (including lighting, landscaping, signage, outdoor furnishings and sporting equipment). In the city’s northwestern coastal area, the project will help improve the efficiency of the sewage network, contributing to reduce discharges and pollution along the coastline. The project is expected to improve the safe bathing index in targeted areas from the current 20 percent to 80 percent during the dry season. Investments will include treating effluents from combined drainage and sewage systems, and subsidizing household sewage connections in low-income areas. “This project represents a first step in the long term transformation of Fortaleza,” explained Martin Raiser, World Bank director for Brazil. “The activities supported by our financing will not only improve the quality of life of the poorest population but will also help boost economic development by promoting job creation, opportunities for youth, and community building. This is the kind of integrated urban development that we would like to help Brazilian cities achieve.” This one-tranche loan from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) to the Municipality of Fortaleza is guaranteed by the Federative Republic of Brazil and has a final maturity of 24 years, with a 6-year grace period.For more information, please visit: www.worldbank.org/brVisit us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/worldbankBe updated via Twitter: http:// www.twitter.com/bancomundialbr For our YouTube channel: http://www.youtube.com/user/alcregion2010
WASHINGTON, D.C., 28 de abril de 2017.- Más de 3.8 millones de peruanos se beneficiarán de un nuevo proyecto de manejo integrado de recursos hídricos, financiado por un préstamo por US$40 millones aprobado hoy por el Directorio Ejecutivo del Banco Mundial. El proyecto Gestión Integrada de Recursos Hídricos en 10 Cuencas del Perú busca prevenir y mitigar desastres naturales como las recientes inundaciones que afectaron la costa peruana debido al fenómeno meteorológico “Niño Costero” que cobró la vida de 114 personas, desplazó a unas 180,000 personas, y afectó, en total, a más de 1.8 millones de personas. “El proyecto que se está aprobando apoyará a afrontar los retos para garantizar la seguridad hídrica del país, contribuyendo a mejorar notablemente la gestión integrada de los recursos hídricos hacia el 2021”, afirmó el Ing. Abelardo De la Torre, Jefe de la Autoridad Nacional del Agua (ANA). En el Perú, la escasez de agua y variabilidad climática son preocupaciones fundamentales en muchas cuencas, particularmente en las de la vertiente del Pacífico donde, a pesar de su intensa actividad económica y su alta densidad poblacional, solo cuenta con 1.8 por ciento de los recursos hídricos. Asimismo, el deterioro de la calidad del agua, el insuficiente tratamiento de las aguas residuales en zonas urbanas e industriales junto con vertimientos sin restricciones, así como los huaicos e inundaciones que afecta la seguridad y la salud de las personas, el costo de producción de agua potable, las perspectivas de la agro-exportación, y la economía en general. “Con este proyecto el Banco Mundial continuará con los esfuerzos de fortalecimiento de la ANA, ente rector y máxima autoridad técnico normativa del Sistema Nacional de Gestión de los Recursos Hídricos, encargado de aplicar la Ley de Recursos Hídricos”, afirmó Alberto Rodríguez, Director del Banco Mundial para Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Perú y Venezuela. “En general esperamos ayudar al país a prevenir desastres hidrológicos”. Este proyecto da continuidad a uno anterior apoyado por el Banco Mundial que fortaleció las capacidades de la ANA para la formulación de la estrategia de gestión de la calidad de agua y el programa para promover una nueva “cultura de agua”. Así mismo, ayudó a fortalecer seis consejos de recursos hídricos de cuenca en Tumbes, Chira-Piura, Chancay-Lambayeque, Chancay-Huaral, Quilca-Chili, y Caplina-Locumba en la región hidrográfica del Pacífico. El nuevo proyecto busca enfrentar los retos de la gestión de los recursos hídricos y prevenir los desastres hidrológicos a nivel nacional. En esta nueva fase se está dando prioridad a 24 de un total de 159 cuencas en el Perú por su importancia productiva. Este proyecto fortalecerá los seis consejos de recursos hídricos de cuenca existentes y se crearán cuatro nuevos consejos en Urubamba, Pampas, Mantaro y Alto Mayo, todas ubicadas en la región hidrográfica del Atlántico. Concretamente, el proyecto financiará: la adquisición e instalación de equipos para monitoreo de la calidad de agua; medición de uso de agua en bloques para irrigación agrícola; monitoreo de agua en acuíferos subterráneos seleccionados; modernización del equipo de monitoreo de represas seleccionadas; y medición de caudales y niveles de agua de varios ríos críticos. El proyecto apuntará a desarrollar un programa integral de seguridad de presas y fortalecerá mecanismos de gestión de conflictos. Al mismo tiempo, servirá para fortalecer las capacidades para almacenar, procesar, analizar y difundir información; y monitorear y realizar pronósticos de inundaciones y sequias; así como su integración con el Sistema Nacional de Información de Recursos Hídricos. El costo total del programa asciende a US$88.15 millones, de los cuales el Gobierno del Perú aportará US$48.15 millones y el Banco Mundial US$40.00 millones. El cierre del proyecto está previsto para el 2022. El préstamo tiene un periodo de vencimiento de siete años, incluyendo un periodo de gracia de cinco años.
WASHINGTON, April 18, 2017—The World Bank Group and Sexual Violence Research Initiative (SVRI) today awarded competitive funds totaling US$1.14 million to 10 teams from around the world for innovations to prevent and respond to gender-based violence (GBV). The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 35 percent of women worldwide have experienced physical or sexual partner violence or non-partner sexual violence in their lifetime. Beyond the devastating personal costs, gender-based violence inflicts a steep economic toll: estimates of resulting lost productivity run as high as 3.7 percent in some economies. The Development Marketplace Awards aim to help individuals, communities, and nations stamp out GBV. The idea for the awards, which first launched one year ago, honors GBV victims and survivors around the world, and is in memory of Hannah Graham, daughter of a longtime World Bank employee. The winners of this year’s awards range from efforts to reduce inter-partner violence among refugees in Ethiopia to community approaches to prevent gender-based violence in the Amazon of Peru. “Gender-based violence thrives on secrecy and indifference with devastating consequences,” World Bank Group President Jim Yong Kim said. “We cannot stand by while so many women suffer harm that’s completely preventable. Through this competition we hope to shine a spotlight on gender-based violence and inspire innovative solutions. It is my honor to congratulate and thank the 2017 Development Marketplace winners for taking action to end GBV.” An expert panel reviewed more than 200 proposals submitted to the Bank Group and SVRI following an open call in July 2016 for innovations to prevent GBV in low- and middle-income countries. Winning teams, which received up to US$150,000 each, were chosen based on overall merit, research or project design and methods, significance, team expertise, and ethical considerations. “The efforts funded by this award will produce evidence which will enable policy makers to design effective policies and programs to prevent and respond to gender-based violence thus contributing to a world in which women and children are free of violence and able to reach their full potential,” said Alessandra Guedes, SVRI co-chair and Regional Advisor for Family Violence at the Pan-American health Organization/WHO. “The SVRI and World Bank Group have identified a global portfolio of superb innovators that we can learn from.” The SVRI Grant, a global innovation award started in 2014, previously awarded more than US$1 million to nine projects in seven countries. SVRI uses an innovative mix of evidence-based information, communication and technology media; capacity-building workshops; on-granting and hosts an international Forum every two years to advance and expand research on sexual and intimate partner violence globally. Through the Development Marketplace platform, the World Bank Group and its partners have awarded more than US$65 million in funding to more than 1,200 innovative social enterprises and raised awareness about the role of social enterprises in addressing challenges facing the poor. 2017 Winners:Sexual Harassment Among Jordanian College Students: Pilot Testing a Promising Primary Prevention Intervention (Jordan, Middle East/ NorthAfrica)Team: Information and Research Center – King Hussein Foundation and Emory UniversityGender Equity Model – Promoting Women’s Economic Empowerment and Fighting Gender-Based Violence (Egypt, Middle East/North Africa)Team: The American University of CairoGender-based Violence Prevention in the Amazon of Peru Project (Peru, Latin America)Team: University College London; and, DB PeruBuilding the Evidence Base for ‘Safe Families’ – a Comprehensive Community-led model for Violence Prevention in Solomon Islands. (Solomon Islands, East Asia) Team: The Equality Institute; Oxfam Solomon Islands;, Oxfam AustraliaCombatting Sexual Violence in Kyrgyzstan through Innovative Education and Information Technology (Kyrgyzstan, Central Asia) Team: American University of Central Asia (AUCA)Building Research Capacity and Data Use for Gender-Based Violence prevention and Response in Adolescents/Young Adults (Nigeria, Africa)Team: Together for GirlsMapping for Policy (Pakistan, South Asia) Team: The Urban Institute and, Information Technology University Data Science Lab in PakistanBuilding the Evidence to Understand and Prevent Campus Sexual Assault in Swaziland (Swaziland, Africa)Team: University of Swaziland and The Regents of the University of California, San DiegoDevelopment of Standard Measures to Support Gender-Based Cyber Violence (GBCV) Prevention (Uganda, Africa)Team: International Center for Research for WomenPiloting a Customizable, User-Designed Information and Communication Technology-based Approach to Reduce Intimate Partner Violence among Refugees (Dollo Ado refugee camps in Ethiopia, Africa)Team: Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; and, Addis Ababa University School of Public Health
WASHINGTON, 17 de abril de 2017 – Cerca de 33.500 hogares se beneficiarán de un financiamiento adicional por US$100 millones para alianzas rurales productivas, aprobado por el Directorio Ejecutivo del Banco Mundial. En esta nueva fase, el Proyecto de Alianzas Rurales II (PAR II) tiene el objetivo de mejorar el ingreso de mayor cantidad de pobladores rurales y aportar así a la reducción de la pobreza en Bolivia. Con el financiamiento adicional el proyecto llegará a cerca de 28.000 nuevos hogares en áreas rurales de todo el país, a través del establecimiento de aproximadamente 768 alianzas productivas. También se apoyarán 48 sub proyectos de infraestructura pública municipal, productiva y de servicios, con más de 21.000 beneficiarios directos o cerca de 5.500 hogares. El PAR II continuará financiando a pequeños productores y su acceso a mercados, pero además, apoyará el fortalecimiento de la resiliencia climática en los sistemas productivos rurales, para lo cual se planea destinar cerca del 75 por ciento de los recursos del financiamiento adicional a inversiones en riego y eficiencia del uso del agua, así como a asistencia técnica en estos ámbitos durante la elaboración y ejecución de los planes de negocio. “Estamos apoyando los esfuerzos del Estado boliviano en resiliencia climática insertando este enfoque renovado al proyecto, que además obedece a la necesidad global de reducir la vulnerabilidad hacia el cambio climático, sobre todo en la actividad agrícola de la cual depende la seguridad alimentaria. Creemos que a futuro no sólo se habrá mejorado la productividad, y por ende, los ingresos de pequeños productores, sino que se habrá fortalecido la capacidad de respuesta de este segmento a los choques climáticos”, señaló Alberto Rodríguez, Director del Banco Mundial para Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Perú y Venezuela. Durante su implementación, que inició en 2006, el PAR ha financiado más de 1.300 alianzas rurales, generando inversiones de alrededor de US$98 millones y beneficiando a cerca de 68.000 personas. La evaluación de impacto del proyecto ha demostrado que es inclusivo y tiene un impacto significativo en la lucha contra la pobreza al mejorar de manera importante el ingreso de los agricultores. “Siguiendo el enfoque de esta iniciativa, se continuará promoviendo que jóvenes y mujeres rurales sean los protagonistas, reconociendo su calidad de actores dinámicos de la agenda del desarrollo en el país”, afirmó Nicola Pontara, Representante del Banco Mundial en Bolivia. El financiamiento adicional del Banco Mundial, por US$100 millones, equivale al 76.6 por ciento del costo total del proyecto, que será complementado con recursos de contraparte de los beneficiarios en 20.8 por ciento (US$27.2 millones) y de los gobiernos municipales en 2.6 por ciento (US$3.4 millones). Los recursos corresponden a un préstamo de Banco Internacional de Reconstrucción y Fomento (BIRF) con un plazo de vencimiento de 21 años y un periodo de gracia de tres años y medio. — Para conocer el trabajo del Banco Mundial en América Latina y el Caribe visite: www.bancomundial.org/alc Visítenos en Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/bancomundial Manténgase informado via Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/BancoMundialLAC Nuestro canal de YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/BancoMundialLAC
Quase metade dos países pôs em prática políticas anticíclicas: gastos nas épocas ruins e economia de recursos nas épocas boasOs observadores do mercado estimam que, neste ano, o crescimento médio da região voltará a ser positivoAs contas fiscais, no entanto, ficaram deterioradas depois de seis anos de desaceleração econômica WASHINGTON, 18 de abril de 2017 – Em um desdobramento positivo, hoje mais do que nunca, os países da América Latina e Caribe estão implementando políticas fiscais anticíclicas – gastando mais em épocas ruins e economizando nas épocas boas, de acordo com um novo relatório semianual do Banco Mundial sobre a região. O relatório "Apoiando-se contra o Vento: uma Perspectiva Histórica da Política Fiscal na América Latina e Caribe" argumenta que essa transformação é importante para uma região que, com frequência, lançou mão de gastos pró-cíclicos – aumentando o risco de superaquecer a economia em períodos de prosperidade e entrar em recessões mais profundas em períodos de baixa atividade econômica. De acordo com o Consensus Forecasts, o Produto Interno Bruto da região deverá crescer 1,5% este ano e 2,5% em 2018, pondo fim a seis anos de desaceleração econômica e à recessão dos últimos dois anos. Se essa previsão se concretizar, as recuperações esperadas no Brasil e na Argentina serão fundamentais para estimular o novo ciclo de crescimento na região. A previsão de crescimento para o México é de, aproximadamente, 1,4%; na América Central e Caribe, a previsão é de uma taxa de crescimento estável em cerca de 3,8%. No entanto, as contas fiscais de vários países sofreram com a desaceleração prolongada. Em 2016, 29 dos 32 países enfrentavam déficits fiscais, em grande parte decorrentes do aumento dos gastos. A média da dívida bruta na região é de 50% do PIB. Ainda assim – em uma importante ruptura com o passado – vários países agora se encontram em melhor posição para escapar dessa complexa situação fiscal, de acordo com o relatório. “Tradicionalmente, os países da América Latina e Caribe agem de forma pró-cíclica, seja por pressões políticas para gastar durante os períodos de prosperidade ou por falta de acesso a capital internacional durante os períodos de desaceleração”, afirma Carlos Végh, Economista-Chefe do Banco Mundial para a América Latina e Caribe. “O resultado é que, muitas vezes, esses países acabam presos na armadilha da pró-ciclicidade fiscal – com o aumento da dívida pública e dos déficits fiscais e rebaixamento da classificação de crédito – e ficam sem opções para reverter a situação.” Em resposta à crise financeira global de 2008, a parcela de países com políticas fiscais anticíclicas na região aumentou de 10 para 45%. Países como Chile, Colômbia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, México, Paraguai e Peru começaram a aumentar os gastos públicos e / ou baixar os impostos em uma tentativa de estimular a economia. Embora essas medidas tenham produzido déficits fiscais, elas fizeram parte de um esforço concertado para minimizar a desaceleração econômica. Por outro lado, afirma o relatório, os países que continuaram com políticas pró-cíclicas agora precisam consolidar ainda mais as suas contas fiscais para minimizar os riscos de rebaixamento da classificação de crédito e de encarecimento dos empréstimos. “Embora os países achem tentadora a ideia de gastar – em vez de poupar – no próximo ciclo de crescimento, os acontecimentos na política fiscal da última década nos trazem a esperança de que os países serão prudentes e optarão pelo caminho seguro,” afirma Végh. “Em um ambiente externo caracterizado por volatilidades e choques frequentes, esse comportamento prudente possibilitará aos países transformar a política fiscal em instrumentos para ajudar a atravessar a próxima crise e preservar os ganhos sociais.” — Para mais informações, por favor, visite: www.worldbank.org/lac Visite a nossa página no Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/bancomundialbrasil Receba atualizações via Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/bancomundialbr Visite o nosso canal no YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/bancomundiallac
Casi la mitad de los países aplicaron políticas contracíclicas: gastando en los momentos difíciles y ahorrando en los buenosLos analistas de mercado esperan que el crecimiento promedio de la región se torne positivo este añoDe todas manera…
Nearly half of the countries followed counter-cyclical policies: spending in bad times and saving in good timesMarket watchers expect that the region’s average growth will turn positive this yearYet fiscal accounts have deteriorated after six years of economic slowdown WASHINGTON, April 18, 2017 – In a positive development, today more than ever before, Latin American and Caribbean countries are pursuing counter-cyclical fiscal policies – spending more in bad times and saving in good times, according to a new World Bank semiannual report for the region. "Leaning against the Wind: Fiscal Policy in Latin America and the Caribbean in a Historical Perspective" argues that the transformation is significant for a region that has often pursued pro-cyclical spending – increasing the risks of overheating economies during boom times and making recessions deeper during the bad times. According to the Consensus Forecasts, Gross Domestic Product in the region is expected to grow by 1.5 percent this year and 2.5 percent in 2018, putting an end to six years of an economic downturn, including recession over the past two years. If they materialize, recoveries expected in Brazil and Argentina will largely fuel the return to growth in the region. Mexico’s growth is expected to hover at around 1.4 percent, while Central America and the Caribbean will maintain steady growth of around 3.8 percent. However, the fiscal accounts of many countries have suffered due to the prolonged slowdown. As of 2016, 29 out of 32 countries were facing fiscal deficits, largely due to higher spending. The median gross debt for the region stands at 50 percent of GDP. Still – in a significant break with the past – many countries now find themselves in a better position to escape this difficult fiscal predicament, according to the report. “Countries in Latin America and the Caribbean have traditionally been pro-cyclical, either because of political pressures to spend during good times or lack of access to international capital during bad times,” said Carlos Végh, World Bank Chief Economist for Latin America and the Caribbean. “As a result, they often found themselves caught in a fiscal procyclicality trap, leading to higher public debt and fiscal deficits as well as lower credit ratings that left them few options to turn things around.” In response to the global financial crisis of 2008, the number of countries with a countercyclical fiscal policy increased from 10 to 45 percent of the region’s economies. Countries such as Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay, and Peru begun to increase public spending and/or lower taxes in an attempt to stimulate the economy. While such measures produced fiscal deficits, they were the result of a concerted effort to minimize the downturn. On the other hand, countries that continued with pro-cyclical policies must now further consolidate their fiscal accounts to minimize the risks of a deterioration in their credit ratings and an increase in borrowing costs, the report argues. “While countries may still find it tempting to spend rather than save in the next boom cycle, the events of the last decade in fiscal policy give us hope that countries will play it safe instead and be prudent,” said Végh. “In an external environment characterized by frequent shocks and volatility, such prudence will allow them to turn fiscal policy into instruments to help cope with the next downturn and preserve social gains.” — For more information, please visit: www.worldbank.org/lac Visit us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/worldbank Be updated via Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/BancoMundialLAC For our YouTube channel: http://www.youtube.com/worldbank
Près de la moitié des pays ont suivi des politiques contra-cycliques: dépenser durant les périodes difficiles et économiser dans les bons momentsLes observateurs du marché s’attendent à ce que la croissance moyenne de la région soit positive cette annéePourtant, les comptes budgétaires se sont détériorés après six ans de ralentissement économique WASHINGTON, le 18 avril 2017 – Selon un nouveau rapport semi-annuel de la Banque mondiale pour la région, on observe un développement positif, aujourd’hui plus que jamais, les pays d’Amérique latine et des Caraïbes poursuivent des politiques budgétaires contra-cycliques, dépensant davantage dans les moments difficiles et économisant dans les bons moments. «A contre-courant: la politique budgétaire en Amérique latine et les Caraïbes dans une perspective historique» soutient que la transformation est significative pour une région qui a souvent poursuivi des dépenses pro-cycliques – augmentant les risques de surchauffe économiques en périodes de boom et rendant les récessions plus profondes durant les périodes difficiles. Selon les prévisions du consensus, le produit intérieur brut dans la région devrait croître de 1,5 pour cent cette année et de 2,5 pour cent en 2018, mettant fin à six ans de ralentissement économique, y compris une récession au cours des deux dernières années. Si elles se concrétisent, les recouvrements attendus au Brésil et en Argentine alimenteront largement le retour à la croissance dans la région. La croissance du Mexique devrait s’élever à environ 1,4 pour cent, tandis que l’Amérique centrale et les Caraïbes maintiendront une croissance régulière d’environ 3,8 pour cent. Cependant, les comptes budgétaires de nombreux pays ont souffert en raison du ralentissement prolongé. En 2016, 29 des 32 pays étaient confrontés à des déficits budgétaires, principalement en raison des dépenses plus élevées. La dette brute médiane pour la région s’élève à 50 pour cent du PIB. Toutefois selon le rapport, de nombreux pays se trouvent maintenant dans une meilleure position pour échapper à cette situation financière difficile, en rupture avec le passé. "Les pays d’Amérique latine et des Caraïbes ont traditionnellement été pro-cycliques, soit en raison des pressions politiques pendant les bons moments, soit du manque d’accès au capital international pendant les mauvais moments", a déclaré Carlos Végh, économiste en chef de la Banque mondiale pour l’Amérique latine et le Caraïbes. "En conséquence, ils se sont souvent retrouvés pris au piège dans une pro-cyclicité fiscale, ce qui a entraîné une dette publique et des déficits budgétaires plus élevés, ainsi qu’une note de crédit plus faible qui leur a laissé peu d’options pour faire avancer les choses". En réponse à la crise financière mondiale de 2008, le nombre de pays ayant une politique budgétaire contra-cyclique est passé de 10 à 45 pour cent des économies de la région. Des pays comme le Chili, la Colombie, le Costa Rica, le Salvador, le Guatemala, le Mexique, le Paraguay et le Pérou ont commencé à augmenter les dépenses publiques et / ou à réduire les impôts dans le but de stimuler l’économie. Bien que de telles mesures produisent des déficits budgétaires, elles ont été le résultat d’un effort concerté visant à minimiser le ralentissement. D’autre part selon le rapport, les pays qui ont continué avec des politiques pro-cycliques doivent maintenant consolider davantage leurs comptes budgétaires afin de minimiser les risques de détérioration de leurs cotes de crédit et une augmentation des coûts d’emprunt. «Bien que les pays puissent encore être tenté de dépenser plutôt que d’économiser dans le prochain cycle de croissance, les événements dans la politique budgétaire de la dernière décennie nous donnent espoir que les pays vont jouer la carte de la prudence », a déclaré Végh. «Dans un environnement externe caractérisé par des chocs fréquents et une volatilité, une telle prudence leur permettra de transformer la politique budgétaire en instrument pour faire face au prochain ralentissement et préserver les gains sociaux».
