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L’« intelligence » n’est pas réservée aux smartphones. Il est temps de mettre les attributs des technologies intelligentes — capacités, transversalité et pouvoir de transformation — au service de la gestion de l’une de nos ressources naturelles les plus fondamentales : la forêt. En quoi consiste une valorisation intelligente de la forêt ? Il s’agit d’envisager dans leur globalité les paysages pour comprendre comment la forêt est affectée par les activités d’autres secteurs, et comment elle pourrait nous apporter davantage de bienfaits. En effet, différents facteurs entraînent le déboisement et la dégradation des forêts, notamment l’expansion des terres agricoles, des routes et des mines, ainsi que la demande de combustibles à base de bois. Même si ces activités jouent un rôle crucial dans le développement économique des pays et dans le bien-être de leurs habitants, elles peuvent aussi avoir des répercussions néfastes sur les précieux services que rendent les forêts, qui ont la capacité de séquestrer le carbone, de filtrer l’air et l’eau et de favoriser la fertilité des sols, tout en étant une source de revenus et d’emplois. Face à ces aspects antagonistes, le Groupe de la Banque mondiale s’attache à déterminer les complémentarités entre tous ces secteurs, afin de faire avancer à la fois la lutte contre le changement climatique et le développement. Une démarche explicitée dans son Plan d’action pour les forêts (a) 2016-2020, et qui constitue un élément crucial pour atteindre les objectifs de réduction de la pauvreté que s’est fixés la Banque, compte tenu de l’importance des ressources forestières pour les populations pauvres : à travers la planète, ces ressources permettent à un individu sur 11 de sortir de l’extrême pauvreté. Outre les 300 à 350 millions de personnes qui vivent dans la forêt ou à proximité et qui en dépendent en quasi-totalité pour leur subsistance, des centaines de millions d’autres y trouvent de quoi se nourrir, des matériaux de construction et des sources d’énergie. Pour mettre en œuvre une telle démarche, il est essentiel de travailler avec des partenaires multiples, en vue de repérer les pistes d’action mutuellement bénéfiques et d’élaborer des solutions novatrices qui pourront être déployées à grande échelle. Dans ce cadre, la Banque mondiale a surtout l’avantage de pouvoir s’appuyer sur sa compétence dans un large éventail de secteurs et domaines, non seulement en foresterie mais aussi, notamment, dans les industries extractives, l’infrastructure, la gestion des risques de catastrophes, l’énergie et l’agriculture. Un premier exemple d’introduction de cette approche concerne un projet de 47 millions de dollars au Mozambique (a), où quelque 140 000 hectares de forêt disparaissent chaque année. Ce projet investit dans les moyens de subsistance de milliers de petits et moyens propriétaires fonciers et améliore la viabilité à long terme des activités susceptibles d’avoir un impact sur les forêts (production de bois d’œuvre et de charbon de bois, cultures agricoles…), tout en freinant le déboisement et les émissions de gaz à effet de serre. L’exploitation forestière entre déjà pour près de 3 % dans le PIB du pays (estimation de 2011) et représente 22 000 emplois directs, avec un important potentiel de progression.    Autre exemple : l’action de la Banque mondiale en Moldova, où la plupart des pauvres sont tributaires de l’agriculture pour leur subsistance, mais où les exportations agro-alimentaires restent peu compétitives. Le Projet pour la compétitivité de l’agriculture en Moldova (a) vise à accroître le recours à des pratiques de gestion durable des terres, telles que la création d’une ceinture d’arbres qui peut limiter l’érosion du sol et piéger le carbone, et aussi améliorer les rendements agricoles. En outre, on sait de mieux en mieux tirer parti des bienfaits des forêts pour atténuer les risques liés aux catastrophes naturelles. Ainsi, les mangroves peuvent offrir non seulement une protection contre les tempêtes, les inondations et l’érosion côtière, mais aussi un habitat privilégié pour les espèces sauvages ; il en découle des retombées bénéfiques pour la pêche, le tourisme et l’emploi local. En Jamaïque, un projet de 30 millions de dollars (a) aide ce pays, l’un des plus vulnérables aux aléas naturels, à renforcer sa résilience face à ces menaces, en particulier via des solutions d’infrastructure prenant en compte l’environnement naturel. Avec l’appui supplémentaire du Programme pour les forêts (a) et de la Facilité mondiale pour la prévention des risques de catastrophes et le relèvement (GFDRR) (a), ce projet permettra à 300 000 Jamaïcains de mieux se préparer au changement climatique. Quelle qu’en soit la cause, l’évolution du couvert forestier peut avoir des conséquences bien réelles, et de grande ampleur, sur les populations et leur bien-être, ainsi que sur le climat de la planète. Dans un monde caractérisé par une complexité et des interconnexions croissantes, les problèmes de développement imposent des solutions globales, y compris pour les forêts. La Journée internationale des forêts, le 21 mars, rappelle opportunément qu’il faut valoriser et respecter le patrimoine forestier si l’on veut atteindre les Objectifs de développement durable. Est-ce votre cas ? Répondez à notre quiz pour le savoir ! 

Challenge Despite a decrease in the incidence of poverty since the late 1990s, as of 2006, roughly 60 percent of Bolivia’s population still lived in poverty. The poverty rate for children and youth surpassed the national average, reaching as …

“智慧型”方法不仅仅适用于手机。借鉴智慧技术的部分优点——能动性、跨领域性以及变革性——并将其应用于管理森林这一最重要的自然资源之一正当其时。 “智慧林业”有何涵义…

“Smart” approaches aren’t just for cell phones. It’s time to take some of the qualities of smart technology – capable, cross-cutting and transformative – and apply them to the way we manage one of our most fundamental natural resources: forests. What does it mean to be “forest smart”? In essence, it has to do with taking a comprehensive look at landscapes to understand how forests are being affected by activities in other sectors, and how to enhance the benefits that we derive from forests. On one hand, global deforestation and forest degradation is being driven by a range of different factors, including the expansion of agricultural lands, the development of roads and mines, and the demand for wood-based fuels. On the other hand, while such activities are crucial to countries’ economic development and the wellbeing of local communities, they may also undermine the valuable services that forests provide, including carbon sequestration, air and water filtration, soil fertility, as well as a source of income and jobs. At the World Bank, being forest smart entails finding the complementarities – and not just the competing factors – between these different sectors, to deliver benefits for the climate as well as for development. This approach is captured in the World Bank Group’s Forest Action Plan for Fiscal Years 2016-2010 and represents a critical element in meeting the World Bank’s poverty reduction goals, since forests provide critical support to the poor. Worldwide, 1 in 11 people are lifted out of extreme poverty thanks to forest resources. In addition to the 300-350 million people who live within or close to forests and depend on them almost entirely for their subsistence, hundreds of millions more rely on forests for food, construction materials, and energy. Key to implementing the forest smart approach is working with a variety of partners to identify opportunities of mutual benefit, and to devise innovative solutions that can be implemented at scale. Importantly, the World Bank is able to draw on its expertise across a wide range of sectors, not just in forestry but also in the extractive industries, infrastructure, disaster risk management, energy and agriculture, among others. One example of how the World Bank is carrying out the forest-smart approach is through a $47-million project in Mozambique, where currently around 140,000 hectares of forest are being lost every year. The project is investing in the livelihoods of thousands of small and medium landholders, improving the sustainability of activities that can impact forests – including the production of timber, charcoal and agricultural crops – while simultaneously reducing deforestation and greenhouse gas emissions. The forestry sector already accounts for nearly three percent of Mozambique’s GDP (2011 estimate) and directly employs 22,000 people, but there is significant potential for increasing these benefits.    Another example is the World Bank’s work in Moldova, where the majority of poor communities depend on agriculture for their livelihoods, but the competitiveness of agro-food exports remains relatively low. Part of the Moldova Agriculture Competitiveness Project is to increase the use of sustainable land management practices like forestry shelter belts, which can limit soil erosion and sequester carbon, while contributing to greater returns for farmers. We are also getting smarter about harnessing the positive impacts of forests for reducing the risks from natural disasters. Mangroves, for instance, can not only act as a buffer against storms, flooding and coastal erosion, but also provide valuable habitat for wildlife – which translates into positive outcomes for fisheries, tourism, and local jobs. In Jamaica – one of the world’s most at-risk countries when it comes to natural hazards – a $30-million project aims to help the Government strengthen the country’s resilience to such threats, including by integrating nature-based infrastructure solutions. With additional support from the Program on Forests and the Global Facility for Disaster Risk and Recovery, this project will benefit 300,000 Jamaicans through better preparedness in the face of climate change. No matter the driver, changes in forest cover can have very real and wide-reaching impacts on communities and their wellbeing, as well as on the global climate. The development challenges of an increasingly complex and connected world demand ever more comprehensive answers – including for forests. International Day of Forests, celebrated on March 21st, is a timely reminder that being forest smart is vital to achieving sustainable development objectives. Are you forest smart? Take the quiz to find out! 

Los enfoques “inteligentes” no solo se pueden emplear con los teléfonos celulares. Es hora de aprovechar algunas de las cualidades de las tecnologías inteligentes —tener capacidad y ser transversales y transformadoras— y aplicarlas a la gestión de los bosques, uno de nuestros recursos naturales más fundamentales. ¿Qué significa ser “inteligentes en relación con los bosques”? En esencia, tiene que ver con examinar de manera integral los paisajes para entender cómo los bosques se ven afectados por las actividades de otros sectores y de qué manera mejorar los beneficios que obtenemos de los bosques. Por un lado, la deforestación y la degradación de los bosques en el mundo son impulsadas por diversos factores, que incluyen la expansión de las tierras agrícolas, el desarrollo de caminos y explotaciones mineras y la demanda de combustibles obtenidos a partir de la madera. Por otro lado, si bien estas actividades son esenciales para el desarrollo económico de los países y el bienestar de las comunidades locales, también pueden socavar los valiosos servicios que proporcionan los bosques, entre ellos el secuestro de carbono, la filtración de aire y agua, la fertilidad del suelo, así como el hecho de constituir una fuente de ingresos y empleo. En el Banco Mundial, ser inteligentes en relación con los bosques implica encontrar las complementariedades —y no solo los factores contrapuestos— entre estos diferentes sectores, con el fin de generar beneficios tanto para el clima como para el desarrollo. Este enfoque aparece en el Plan de Acción Forestal (i) del Grupo Banco Mundial para los ejercicios 2016-2020, y constituye un elemento fundamental para alcanzar los objetivos del Banco Mundial en materia de reducción de la pobreza, ya que los bosques proporcionan un apoyo crucial a los pobres. En todo el mundo, 1 de cada 11 personas sale de la pobreza extrema gracias a los recursos forestales. Además de los 300 millones a 350 millones de habitantes que viven en o cerca de los bosques y dependen casi exclusivamente de ellos para su subsistencia, cientos de millones más usan los bosques para obtener alimentos, materiales de construcción y energía. Para implementar un enfoque inteligente en relación con los bosques es clave trabajar con diversos asociados en la tarea de identificar oportunidades de beneficio mutuo y diseñar soluciones innovadoras que se puedan implementar a mayor escala. Es importante destacar que el Banco Mundial puede aprovechar su experiencia en una amplia gama de sectores, no solo en el sector forestal sino también en las industrias extractivas, la infraestructura, la gestión del riesgo de desastres, la energía y la agricultura, entre otros. En Mozambique, un proyecto por un monto de USD 47 millones (i) constituye un buen ejemplo de cómo el Grupo Banco Mundial implementa un enfoque inteligente en relación con los bosques. En este país, se pierden en la actualidad alrededor de 140 000 hectáreas forestales cada año. Mediante este proyecto se invierte en los medios de subsistencia de miles de pequeños y medianos propietarios de tierras, lo cual permite mejorar la sostenibilidad de las actividades que pueden afectar a los bosques —como la producción de madera y carbón vegetal, y los cultivos agrícolas— y, al mismo tiempo, reducir la deforestación y las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero. El sector forestal ya representa casi el 3 % del producto interno bruto (PIB) de Mozambique (según estimaciones de 2011) y emplea de manera directa a 22 000 personas y existe un potencial considerable para aumentar estos beneficios. Otro ejemplo es la labor del Banco Mundial en Moldova, donde la mayoría de las comunidades pobres dependen de la agricultura para su subsistencia, pero la competitividad de las exportaciones agroalimentarias sigue siendo relativamente baja. Uno de los objetivos del Proyecto sobre Competitividad del Sector Agrícola (i) en este país es aumentar el uso de prácticas de gestión sostenible de la tierra como las cortinas forestales, que pueden limitar la erosión del suelo y secuestrar el carbono, contribuyendo al mismo tiempo a generar mayores rendimientos para los agricultores. También estamos aprendiendo más sobre cómo aprovechar los impactos positivos de los bosques para reducir los riesgos de los desastres naturales. Los manglares, por ejemplo, no solo pueden actuar como un amortiguador contra las tormentas, las inundaciones y la erosión costera, sino que también proporcionan un valioso hábitat para la vida silvestre, lo que se traduce en resultados positivos para la pesca, el turismo y los empleos a nivel local. En Jamaica —uno de los países más vulnerables a los riesgos naturales— un proyecto por un monto de USD 30 millones (i) tiene como objetivo ayudar al Gobierno a fortalecer la resiliencia del país ante tales amenazas, e incluye medidas como la implementación de soluciones de infraestructura basadas en la naturaleza. Este proyecto, con asistencia adicional del Programa sobre Bosques (i) y el Fondo Mundial para la Reducción de los Desastres y la Recuperación, (i) beneficiará a 300 000 jamaicanos mediante una mejor preparación frente al cambio climático. Sin importar cuál sea el factor que impulse los cambios en la cubierta forestal, estos pueden tener impactos muy reales y de gran alcance en las comunidades y el bienestar de ellas, así como en el clima a nivel mundial. En un mundo cada vez más complejo e interconectado, los desafíos de desarrollo, incluidos los relacionados con los bosques, demandan respuestas más integrales. El Día Internacional de los Bosques, que se celebra el 21 de marzo, constituye un recordatorio de que ser inteligentes en relación con los bosques es un enfoque crucial para alcanzar los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible. ¿Es usted inteligente en relación con los bosques? ¡Para averiguarlo, responda el cuestionario!

Применение “интеллектуальных” технологий не должно ограничиваться сотовыми телефонами. Пора применять некоторые их свойства – широкие возможности, универсальность и преобразовательный потенциал – в деле рационального использования одного из основных природных ресурсов планеты: лесов. Что означает «бережное использование лесных ресурсов»? В сущности, это проведение комплексной оценки состояния ландшафтов, с тем чтобы понять, как влияет хозяйственная деятельность в других секторах экономики на состояние лесов, и определить пути приумножения выгод, получаемых нами от леса. С одной стороны, уничтожение лесов и ухудшение их состояния происходит под влиянием различных факторов, в том числе таких, как расширение площадей сельскохозяйственных угодий, строительство дорог и шахт, потребность в древесном топливе. С другой стороны, даже при том, что эти виды деятельности имеют первостепенное значение для экономического развития стран и благополучия местного населения, они могут иметь негативные последствия для способности лесов выполнять важнейшие функции, такие как поглощение углерода, фильтрация воздуха и воды, повышение плодородия почв, а также являться источником доходов и фактором обеспечения занятости. С учетом этих разнонаправленных факторов Группа Всемирного банка стремится найти сферы взаимодополняемости между этими различными секторами, с тем чтобы продвинуть повестку дня как в области борьбы с изменением климата, так и в области развития. Этот подход, сформулированный в принятом Группой Всемирного банка Плане действий в отношении лесов (Forest Action Plan) на 2016-2010 финансовые годы, является ключевой составляющей достижения установленных ею целей в области сокращения бедности с учетом значения лесов для малообеспеченного населения: в мировом масштабе лесные ресурсы позволяют одному из 11 человек выбраться из крайней бедности. Помимо 300-350 миллионов человек, живущих в лесах или на небольшом удалении от них и почти полностью от них зависящих, сотни миллионов других людей тоже используют леса в качестве источников продуктов питания, строительных материалов и энергии.   Реализация этого подхода потребует сотрудничества с различными партнерами с целью выявления взаимовыгодных возможностей и выработки новаторских решений для последующего их масштабного внедрения. В этом отношении Всемирный банк может использовать квалификацию и опыт своих специалистов в самых разных секторах, не ограничиваясь лесным хозяйством, в частности, в добывающих отраслях промышленности, в сфере инфраструктуры, деятельности по снижению риска стихийных бедствий, в области энергетики и сельского хозяйства. В качестве примера деятельности Всемирного банка по внедрению этого подхода можно привести проект стоимостью в 47 млн долл. США, осуществляемый в Мозамбике ($47-million project in Mozambique), где в настоящее время площадь лесов сокращается примерно на 140 тысяч гектаров ежегодно. В рамках проекта средства инвестируются в создание источников доходов для тысяч владельцев мелких и средних участков земли, благодаря чему повышается экологическая устойчивость видов деятельности, потенциально оказывающих негативное влияние на состояние лесов, таких как заготовка древесины, производство древесного угля и выращивание сельскохозяйственных культур, при параллельном снижении масштабов уничтожения лесов и объемов выбросов «парниковых» газов в атмосферу. Лесохозяйственный сектор уже в настоящее время дает почти 3% ВВП Мозамбика (оценка 2011 года) и обеспечивает работой 22 тысячи человек, при этом имеются возможности для значительного увеличения этих показателей.   Еще один пример – деятельность Всемирного банка в Молдове, где большинство малообеспеченного населения живет за счет сельского хозяйства, но конкурентоспособность экспорта сельскохозяйственной продукции остается относительно низкой. Проект по повышению конкурентоспособности сельского хозяйства Молдовы (Moldova Agriculture Competitiveness Project) имеет в качестве одной из своих целей расширение использования методов устойчивого землепользования, в том числе создание лесозащитных полос, которые могут сократить масштабы эрозии почв и увеличить показатели поглощения углерода при повышении прибыльности труда фермеров.     Кроме того, мы все более эффективно используем создаваемые лесами выгоды для снижения рисков, связанных со стихийными бедствиями. Так, например, мангровые леса могут не только обеспечивать защиту от бурь, наводнений и береговой эрозии, но и служить ценной средой обитания для различных видов животных, а это, в свою очередь, положительно сказывается на рыбном хозяйстве, туризме и занятости местного населения. На Ямайке – одной из наиболее уязвимых стран мира в отношении стихийных бедствий – реализуется проект стоимостью в 30 млн долл. США ($30-million project), направленный на оказание помощи правительству в повышении готовности страны к таким угрозам, в том числе на основе комплексного внедрения решений в области развития инфраструктуры с учетом природных условий. При дополнительной поддержке по линии Программы по лесам (Program on Forests) и Глобального фонда по снижению риска стихийных бедствий и ликвидации их последствий (Global Facility for Disaster Risk and Recovery) этот проект позволит 300 тысячам жителей Ямайки лучше подготовиться к изменению климата. Независимо от обусловливающих их причин, изменения лесного покрова земли могут иметь реальные и масштабные последствия для местных общин и их благополучия, а также для климата планеты в целом. В условиях современного все более сложного и взаимосвязанного мира проблемы развития требуют глобальных ответов, в том числе и для сохранения лесов. Международный день лесов, отмечаемый 21 марта, служит для нас своевременным напоминанием о том, что бережное использование лесных ресурсов имеет первостепенное значение для реализации целей устойчивого развития.   А как обстоят дела у вас? Чтобы узнать ответ, пройдите проверочный опрос!  

In many parts of the world, people do not need to think about the security of their land rights. They are simply taken for granted, either as landlords or tenants. However, for the majority of the world’s poor, secure property rights are a rare luxury. Only 30% of the world’s population has a legally registered title to their land. As discussed at the Land and Poverty Conference 2017, held this week at the World Bank, secure land rights are important for reducing poverty and boosting shared prosperity at the country, community, and family levels. Land rights are fundamental to stimulating investment and growth, particularly in agriculture and infrastructure; for supporting countries and their people in building resilience by preventing land-takings and mitigating forced migration. “Addressing land tenure issues is at the center of building sustainable communities – countries, regions, cities, and rural communities need secure rights, clear boundaries, and accessible land services for economic growth,” said Ede Ijjasz-Vasquez, World Bank Senior Director for the Social, Urban, Rural and Resilience Global Practice. “Authorities need accurate spatial information to plan roads, public services, and infrastructure, while creating jobs.” At the country level, for example, in FYR Macedonia, in 2005, only one-third of the apartments were registered at all. People simply did not know what their rights were and if they tried to find out, the agencies did not have accurate information. Through the Real Estate Cadastre and Registration Project (RECRP), the World Bank helped the government change their property laws and regulations. The RECRP supported the creation of the private surveyors sector, which allowed the Agency for Real Estate Cadastre to strengthen its quality control and supervision functions. In 2005, there were 14 licensed private surveyors in the country and zero firms. By the end of the project, in 2015, there were 249 licensed private surveyors and 152 firms. In addition, the online services became broadly available and accessible on all devices, including smartphones, in both the local language as well as in English to attract foreign direct investments in land.   As a result, surveying of land went up from 43% to 99% of the country in 10 years. When it used to take two months to register a property sale or a mortgage, it now takes a day or two. This has leveraged private investments. In fact, the value of mortgages went up from EUR 450 million to EUR 3.4 billion. “The difference is obvious. I am now able to turn my real estate quickly into a capital asset to finance my business, which greatly helps in a dynamic market that we work in,” said Maja Dimitrievska, a businesswoman in Skopje. But land and property rights are not just good for a country’s growth and investment climate. It matters deeply for social inclusion, particularly for historically disadvantaged communities, such as Indigenous Peoples. In Nicaragua, Indigenous Peoples’ rights were not recognized. However, starting in 2002, with World Bank support, the government launched major legal, policy, and institutional reforms. Fast forward 15 years: Nicaragua has mapped and titled all 23 ancestral territories of Indigenous Peoples in the Caribbean Region. This is over 30% of the country’s territory.

Challenge Guatemala has the highest rate of maternal mortality in Latin America, with 115 per 100,000 live births, compared to the regional average of 87. Such alarming figures can be attributed to the extremely low levels of formal prenatal and delivery care, especially in rural areas. Almost three- quarters of maternal deaths are among women of indigenous ancestry, and for more than half of all expectant mothers in these rural areas births are more likely to be attended by a comadrona than by a trained health professional. This is largely because many indigenous families lack the capital to afford healthcare from the formal sector and because, due to discrimination, culture, language barriers, and geographic isolation, they tend to prefer traditional healthcare services, such as comadronas. This traditional model lacks formal regulation, however, leading to significant variation in the quality of healthcare services provided. Only one in four rural births occurs in a hospital or clinic, compared to well over two-thirds of births in urban areas. In the Department of Sololá, 1,001 certified comadronas attend 63 percent of the births, typically outside of a formal hospital setting. Many of these comadronas lack the training and critical skills needed to recognize or properly attend to high-risk pregnancies. Approach The Improving Maternal and Neo-Natal Health in the Department of Sololá, Guatemala project was designed to address the high rates of maternal and infant mortality in Sololá, specifically in the towns of San Pedro, San Marcos, San Pablo, Santiago, Tzununa, Jabalito, and Santa Cruz, by improving the delivery skills of the 116 registered comadronas operating in these towns and by strengthening their ability to identify and appropriately respond to high-risk pregnancies. The intervention consisted of three components:The development of a revised, visual curriculum guide to directly address identified areas of concern with the comadronas, such as a general inability to recognize warning signs during the birthing process and a reluctance to refer patients to the National Hospital when confronted with high-risk pregnancies.Training workshops conducted over a two-week period with two one-day sessions in a local healthcare post for each of the locations. The provision of safe birthing kits for each comadrona, containing items such as latex gloves, gauze pads, and other tools necessary to provide a sanitary birthing process.  

Challenge Despite the nation’s recovery from the 2001–2002 economic crisis, developing a strong and inclusive safety net in Argentina continued to be critical. Poverty remained at around 20 percent and was significantly higher in the poorer…

Organization: UN Human Settlements Program
Country: Spain
Closing date: 09 Apr 2017

i. Project:

Making Cities Sustainable and Resilient

ii. Duty station of assignment

Barcelona (Spain)

iii. Functional Title:

Data Management Specialist

iv. Contract type:

Individual Contract (Consultancy Assignment)

v. Duration:

48 working days over a period of 12 months

vi. Closing date for applications:

9 April 2017

BACKGROUND

Fast growing cities and urban areas of the world are engines of growth and wealth accumulation. This growth can have positive social, cultural and educational impacts. On the other hand, evidence demonstrates that fast economic growth, combined with rapid sprawling population expansion in urban areas, also increases disaster vulnerability and exposure. The level of urbanization is far higher in the developed world; however, the annual ‘urbanization rate’ is much faster in the developing world. The primary urban agglomerations with the highest concentrations of people and economic activity mostly overlap with the areas of extreme or high risk related to disasters such as coastal areas, along rivers and in flood plains.

This joint initiative with UNISDR, UN-Habitat and the European Commission aims at improving understanding of, and capacity to, address disaster risk at the local level in crisis-prone cities. UN-Habitat will focus on supporting local capacities from crisis-prone cities, and humanitarian partners, in measuring their resilience status and have an action plan in order to build resilience.

The action builds on the achievements of the Hyogo Framework for Action – Building the Resilience of Nations 2005-2015, and paves the way toward the implementation of the Sendai Framework for DRR 2015-2030 at the local level and the New Urban Agenda adopted at Habitat III in Quito, Ecuador October 2016. The Action will also contribute to the European Commission’s Action Plan for Resilience in Crisis Prone Countries 2013-2020 and The EU Approach to Resilience: Learning from Food Security Crises.

The project will work with local government institutions, to plan, coordinate, implement and support the various outlined activities. The primary and most direct beneficiaries will be local stakeholders, city authorities and civil society. Women, children and other at risk groups, often disproportionately affected by crises situations, will be engaged and receive additional attention.

MAIN OBJECTIVE

The overall objective of this project is to build more inclusive, sustainable, and resilient cities, by strengthening the capacity of key public, private and civil society stakeholders to measure, make decisions, plan and develop actions for building resilience to ensure that public and private investments are risk-informed and that early interventions in crisis-prone cities are linked to longer-term development goals in line with the actions of the New Urban Agenda. This joint initiative aims at improving local government and stakeholder understanding of, and capacity for, developing and implementing resilience action plans.

The expected results are:

1. Increased commitments to build local-level resilience.

2. Local Resilience and investments measured.

3. Key issues and challenges identified in linking early interventions in crisis-prone cities to long-term sustainable development inputs.

4. Capacity is built in cities and local governments to develop and implement integrated local climate and disaster resilience action plans.

5. Crisis-prone cities have enhanced capacity to develop and implement plans to increase their resiliency.

UN-Habitat will work in coordination with the Commission and EU Delegations in each city to ensure consistency with the EC programming documents and complementarity between thematic and geographic actions; this will also ensure complementarities of activities funded by other programmes and initiatives undertaken by other partners operating at the local level and globally.

MAIN RESPONSIBILITIES

Under the direct supervision of the Chief Technical Advisor of the Programme, the candidate will provide substantive professional support to the Programme and will undertake the following tasks:

• Support the creation, development and calibration of diagnostic tools – including the City Resilience Profiling Tool (CRPT) and Resilience Action Plan (RAP).

• Conduct requirement data analysis and solution design.

• Information Management Plan for new database systems and management

• System analysis and designing (Internal systems, Project base systems)

• Database structure designing – tables, views, procedure and functions, business logics and entity relational diagrams (ERD)

• Prepared technical and user manual of each separate databases of existing and new system

• Prepared table structure attribute proper description and explain integration with other tables in database

• Support collection of data, process information and analysis of the results from the application of the CRPP methodology including tools and guidelines in pilot Cities.

• Assist in research, review, analysis, and compilation of effective indicators, metadata and metrics related to urban resilience (including Risk Reduction and Sustainability related indicators).

• Assist in the analysis of the inter-connected relationships and metrics between Hazards, Stakeholders and Urban elements.

• Guidance, support and development with the web development for the Programme

• Report on progress, problems and proposed solutions; contributes to the production of global reports, information and communication tools in the areas of intervention.

• Undertake any other tasks for the Programme, which are in line with the experience of the consultant.

DUTY STATION

The work shall be performed from the CRPP Barcelona office.

PROGRESS CONTROLS AND PAYMENT INSTALLMENTS

Payment will be done in installments on a monthly basis upon completion and acceptance of monthly progress report. A time sheet must be submitted by the individual contractor, duly approved by the Chief Technical Advisor, which shall serve as the basis for the payment of fees. Final payment amount will be based on actual man-days worked for that month.

TRAVEL

If UN-Habitat determines that the individual contractor needs to travel outside the UN-Habitat CRPP Barcelona office in order to perform his/her assignment, that travel is provided by the organisation. When travel is authorized for the individual contractor, economy class shall be the standard of accommodation for air travel in all cases and irrespective of the duration of the journey.

COMPETENCIES

*Professional: Knowledge and understanding of theories, concepts and approaches relevant to donor relations, public-private partnerships and private sector fundraising. Ability to identify issues, analyze and participate in the resolution of issues/problems. Ability to conduct data collection using various methods. Conceptual, analytical and evaluative skills to conduct independent research and the use of a variety of research sources. Ability to organize seminars, consultations, training workshops and special events. Ability to apply judgment in the context of assignments given, plan own work and manage conflicting priorities. Shows pride in work and in achievements. Demonstrates professional competence and mastery of subject matter. Is conscientious and efficient in meeting commitments, observing deadlines and achieving results. Communication: Speaks and writes clearly and effectively. Listens to others, correctly interprets messages from others and responds appropriately. Asks questions to clarify, and exhibits interest in having two-way communication. Tailors language, tone, style and format to match the audience. Demonstrates openness in sharing information and keeping people informed. Planning and Organizing: Develops clear goals that are consistent with agreed strategies. Identifies priority activities and assignments; adjusts priorities as required. Allocates appropriate amount of time and resources for completing work. Foresees risks and allows for contingencies when planning. Monitors and adjusts plans and actions as necessary. Uses time efficiently. Client Orientation:* Considers all those to whom services are provided to be “clients” and seeks to see things from clients’ point of view. Establishes and maintains productive partnerships with clients by gaining their trust and respect. Identifies clients’ needs and matches them to appropriate solutions. Monitors ongoing developments inside and outside the clients’ environment to keep informed and anticipate problems. Keeps clients informed of progress or setbacks in projects. Meets timeline for delivery of products or services to client.

EDUCATION

• Advanced university degree in IT/Computer Science or equivalent

WORK EXPERIENCE

• A minimum of 5 years of progressively work experience in areas related to data management.

• A minimum of 3 years work experience in the development and design of tools related to urban resilience with demonstrated experience in the development of guidelines, toolkits or policies in relation to urban resilience.

LANGUAGE SKILLS

• Fluency in spoken and written English, Spanish and Catalan is required.

• Knowledge of other languages (French) would be an additional asset.

OTHER SKILLS

• Ability to work co-operatively with other staff and share experience.

• Ability to work with minimal supervision and with good sense of initiative to keep the supervisor regularly informed of progress.

• Ability to work effectively under pressure.

• Good communications, reporting and representation skills

• Good teamwork and drive for results.

• Excellent computer skills in Microsoft Office, spreadsheets and other software packages required.

• Excellent communication skills;

SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS:

The candidate should be:

• Familiar with, and committed to the goals of UN-Habitat

• Willing to take responsibility, act professionally at all times, and make sure tasks are fully completed

• Able to work under pressure in diverse environments with minimum supervision

• Sensitive to gender issues and issues of concern to vulnerable groups

• Able to meet deadlines for reporting and all project work

• Express enthusiasm and willingness to continue learning new skills and share experiences with other members of the team

Evaluation criteria

Applicants will be evaluated based on a cumulative analysis taking into consideration the combination of the applicants’ qualifications, work experience and financial proposal. The award of the contract should be made to the individual consultant whose offer has been evaluated and determined as: responsive/compliant/acceptable having received the highest score out of a pre-determined set of weighted technical (70%) and financial criteria (30%) specific to the solicitation.

CV Review:

• Educational qualifications as defined in the ToR (15 points);

• Minimum 5 years of relevant work experience as defined in the ToR (25 points);

• Language proficiency in spoken and written English (10 points)

• Competency based interview max points (20 points)

Maximum available technical score points: 70.

Incomplete proposals may not be considered. The fees might be subject for changes and negotiations starting from the proposed fee of the consultant. All consultants are required to comply with the UN security directives set forth under dss.un.org. General Conditions of contract for the services of Individual contractor can be downloaded from:

http://procurement-notices.undp.org/view_file.cfm?doc_id=7879 t

How to apply:

Interested candidates must submit an email quoting the post title and the duty station to the following email address: office@cityresilience.org

with the following documents/information to demonstrate their qualifications:

• Cover letter explaining why they are the most suitable for the work

• Completion of a CV in P11 Form which can be downloaded at

http://mirror.unhabitat.org/content.asp?typeid=24&catid=435&id=3867 · Financial Proposal. The offeror’s letter including form for the financial proposal can be downloaded at

http://unhabitat-kosovo.org/repository/docs/Financial_proposal_IC_6631.docx

The CV shall include information on the past experience in similar projects and at least 3 references.

Please be advised that since April 15th 2010, applicants for consultancies must be part of the UN-Habitat e-Roster in order for their application to be considered. You can reach the e-Roster through the following link: http://e-roster.unhabitat.org

All applications should be submitted to:

United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat)

City Resilience Profiling Programme

Email: office@cityresilience.org

Deadline for applications: 9 April 2017

Organization: UN Human Settlements Program
Country: Spain
Closing date: 09 Apr 2017

i. Project:

Making Cities Sustainable and Resilient

ii. Duty station of assignment

Barcelona (Spain)

iii. Functional Title:

Urban Ecology Specialist

iv. Contract type:

Individual Contract (Consultancy Assignment)

v. Duration:

Three (3) months

vi. Closing date for applications:

9 April 2017

BACKGROUND

Fast growing cities and urban areas of the world are engines of growth and wealth accumulation. This growth can have positive social, cultural and educational impacts. On the other hand, evidence demonstrates that fast economic growth, combined with rapid sprawling population expansion in urban areas, also increases disaster vulnerability and exposure. The level of urbanization is far higher in the developed world; however, the annual ‘urbanization rate’ is much faster in the developing world. The primary urban agglomerations with the highest concentrations of people and economic activity mostly overlap with the areas of extreme or high risk related to disasters such as coastal areas, along rivers and in flood plains.

This joint initiative with UNISDR, UN-Habitat and the European Commission aims at improving understanding of, and capacity to, address disaster risk at the local level in crisis-prone cities. UN-Habitat will focus on supporting local capacities from crisis-prone cities, and humanitarian partners, in measuring their resilience status and have an action plan in order to build resilience.

The action builds on the achievements of the Hyogo Framework for Action – Building the Resilience of Nations 2005-2015, and paves the way toward the implementation of the Sendai Framework for DRR 2015-2030 at the local level and the New Urban Agenda adopted at Habitat III in Quito, Ecuador October 2016. The Action will also contribute to the European Commission’s Action Plan for Resilience in Crisis Prone Countries 2013-2020 and The EU Approach to Resilience: Learning from Food Security Crises.

The project will work with local government institutions, to plan, coordinate, implement and support the various outlined activities. The primary and most direct beneficiaries will be local stakeholders, city authorities and civil society. Women, children and other at risk groups, often disproportionately affected by crises situations, will be engaged and receive additional attention.

MAIN OBJECTIVE

The overall objective of this project is to build more inclusive, sustainable, and resilient cities, by strengthening the capacity of key public, private and civil society stakeholders to measure, make decisions, plan and develop actions for building resilience to ensure that public and private investments are risk-informed and that early interventions in crisis-prone cities are linked to longer-term development goals in line with the actions of the New Urban Agenda. This joint initiative aims at improving local government and stakeholder understanding of, and capacity for, developing and implementing resilience action plans.

The expected results are:

1. Increased commitments to build local-level resilience.

2. Local Resilience and investments measured.

3. Key issues and challenges identified in linking early interventions in crisis-prone cities to long-term sustainable development inputs.

4. Capacity is built in cities and local governments to develop and implement integrated local climate and disaster resilience action plans.

5. Crisis-prone cities have enhanced capacity to develop and implement plans to increase their resiliency.

UN-Habitat will work in coordination with the Commission and EU Delegations in each city to ensure consistency with the EC programming documents and complementarily between thematic and geographic actions; this will also ensure complementarities of activities funded by other programmes and initiatives undertaken by other partners operating at the local level and globally.

MAIN RESPONSIBILITIES

Under the direct supervision of the Chief Technical Advisor of the Programme, the candidate will provide substantive professional support to the Programme and will undertake the following tasks:

• Support the creation, development and calibration of diagnostic tools – including the City Resilience Profiling Tool (CRPT) and Resilience Action Plan (RAP).

• Examine the environment element within the CRPT to ensure biodiversity inclusion and protection are being represented fully in the urban system analysis.

• Determine how environmental aspects can be harnessed to support the urban system and its capacity to move towards low-carbon, sustainable urban development.

• Assess the possibility to include climate adaptive strategies and mitigation measures at the urban level, in recognition of the important role played by urban areas in addressing climate change.

• Analyse the inter-connected relationships of the built environment, environment, social, basic infrastructure and transport elements of the CRPT to provide holistic comprehensive assessments.

• Develop the environment element of the CRPT to ensure that urban ecosystems with nature-based solutions to strengthen resilience within the urban system have been fully considered in the analysis. Special account should be taken of strategies to go beyond the current limitation of green planning in cities (ecological corridors, urban vegetation, protected areas, etc..) to allow an inter-connected, cohesive, urban biodiversity to grow.

• Explore larger concepts of ecosystem services and planetary boundaries in relation to urban resilience.

• Support the CRPP Team in facilitating communications with the programme pilot cities and partner organisation to inform the development of the CRPT.

• Assist in development of built environment and environment indicators, results and action plans for cities.

• Advise on data collection processes for environmentally sustainable and ecologically resilient cities.

• Report on progress, problems and proposed solutions; contributes to the production of global reports, information and communication tools in the areas of intervention.

• Assist in the production of guidelines, focusing on built environment and environment capacity and resilience, to be used by the programme and partner organisations.

• Undertake any other tasks for the Programme, which are in line with the experience of the consultant.

DUTY STATION

The work shall be performed from the CRPP Barcelona office.

PROGRESS CONTROLS AND PAYMENT INSTALLMENTS

Payment will be done in installments on a monthly basis upon completion and acceptance of monthly progress report. A time sheet must be submitted by the individual contractor, duly approved by the Chief Technical Advisor, which shall serve as the basis for the payment of fees. Final payment amount will be based on actual man-days worked for that month.

TRAVEL

If UN-Habitat determines that the individual contractor needs to travel outside the UN-Habitat CRPP Barcelona office in order to perform his/her assignment, that travel is provided by the organisation. When travel is authorized for the individual contractor, economy class shall be the standard of accommodation for air travel in all cases and irrespective of the duration of the journey.

COMPETENCIES

*Professional: *Knowledge and understanding of theories, concepts and approaches relevant to donor relations, public-private partnerships and private sector fundraising. Ability to identify issues, analyze and participate in the resolution of issues/problems. Ability to conduct data collection using various methods. Conceptual, analytical and evaluative skills to conduct independent research and the use of a variety of research sources. Ability to organize seminars, consultations, training workshops and special events. Ability to apply judgment in the context of assignments given, plan own work and manage conflicting priorities. Shows pride in work and in achievements. Demonstrates professional competence and mastery of subject matter. Is conscientious and efficient in meeting commitments, observing deadlines and achieving results. Communication*: Speaks and writes clearly and effectively. Listens to others, correctly interprets messages from others and responds appropriately. Asks questions to clarify, and exhibits interest in having two-way communication. Tailors language, tone, style and format to match the audience. Demonstrates openness in sharing information and keeping people informed. Planning and Organizing: Develops clear goals that are consistent with agreed strategies. Identifies priority activities and assignments; adjusts priorities as required. Allocates appropriate amount of time and resources for completing work. Foresees risks and allows for contingencies when planning. Monitors and adjusts plans and actions as necessary. Uses time efficiently. *Client Orientation:** Considers all those to whom services are provided to be “clients ” and seeks to see things from clients’ point of view. Establishes and maintains productive partnerships with clients by gaining their trust and respect. Identifies clients’ needs and matches them to appropriate solutions. Monitors ongoing developments inside and outside the clients’ environment to keep informed and anticipate problems. Keeps clients informed of progress or setbacks in projects. Meets timeline for delivery of products or services to client.

EDUCATION

• Master’s Degree in Ecology, Urban Ecology, Environmental Science, or similar fields deemed relevant to the subject areas covered by the CRPP Terms of Reference.

• A first-level university degree in combination with qualifying experience may be accepted in lieu of the advanced university degree.

WORK EXPERIENCE

A minimum of 5 years work experience including:

• Demonstrated experience in urban environment, good governance and liaising with governmental authorities, other national/international institutions and NGOs.

• Demonstrated experience working in the fields of environment, climate change, disaster risk reduction, and recovery.

• Demonstrated experience in the development of guidelines, toolkits or policies in relation to urban environment, protected areas or ecologic corridors.

• Knowledge of the urban environment in fragile cities, nature-based approach, and monitoring and evaluation techniques.

• Ability to work with minimal supervision and with good sense of initiative to keep the supervisor regularly informed of progress.

• Good communications, reporting and representation skills

• Good team-work and drive for results.

LANGUAGE SKILLS

• English, both verbal and written, is required.

• Spanish and French will be considered an asset.

SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS:

The candidate should be:

• Familiar with, and committed to the goals of UN-Habitat

• Willing to take responsibility, act professionally at all times, and make sure tasks are fully completed

• Able to work under pressure in diverse environments with minimum supervision

• Sensitive to gender issues and issues of concern to vulnerable groups

• Able to meet deadlines for reporting and all project work

• Express enthusiasm and willingness to continue learning new skills and share experiences with other members of the team

Evaluation criteria

Applicants will be evaluated based on a cumulative analysis taking into consideration the combination of the applicants’ qualifications, work experience and financial proposal. The award of the contract should be made to the individual consultant whose offer has been evaluated and determined as: responsive/compliant/acceptable having received the highest score out of a pre-determined set of weighted technical (70%) and financial criteria (30%) specific to the solicitation.

CV Review:

• Educational qualifications as defined in the ToR (15 points);

• Minimum 5 years of relevant work experience as defined in the ToR (25 points);

• Language proficiency in spoken and written English (10 points)

• Competency based interview max points (20 points)

Maximum available technical score points: 70.

Incomplete proposals may not be considered. The fees might be subject for changes and negotiations starting from the proposed fee of the consultant. All consultants are required to comply with the UN security directives set forth under dss.un.org. General Conditions of contract for the services of Individual contractor can be downloaded from:

http://procurement-notices.undp.org/view_file.cfm?doc_id=7879 =

How to apply:

Interested candidates must submit an email quoting the post title and the duty station to the following email address: office@cityresilience.org

with the following documents/information to demonstrate their qualifications:

• Cover letter explaining why they are the most suitable for the work

• Completion of a CV in P11 Form which can be downloaded at

http://mirror.unhabitat.org/content.asp?typeid=24&catid=435&id=3867 ·

Financial Proposal. The offeror’s letter including form for the financial proposal can be downloaded at

http://unhabitat-kosovo.org/repository/docs/Financial_proposal_IC_6631.docx

The CV shall include information on the past experience in similar projects and at least 3 references.

Please be advised that since April 15th 2010, applicants for consultancies must be part of the UN-Habitat e-Roster in order for their application to be considered. You can reach the e-Roster through the following link: http://e-roster.unhabitat.org

All applications should be submitted to:

United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat)

City Resilience Profiling Programme

Email: office@cityresilience.org

Deadline for applications: 9 April 2017

UN-Habitat does not charge a fee at any stage of the recruitment process. If you have any questions concerning persons or companies claiming to be recruiting on behalf of these offices and requesting the payment of a fee, please contact: recruitment@unon.org

Los enfoques “inteligentes” no solo se pueden emplear con los teléfonos celulares. Es hora de aprovechar algunas de las cualidades de las tecnologías inteligentes —tener capacidad y ser transversales y transformadoras— y aplicarlas a la gestión de los bosques, uno de nuestros recursos naturales más fundamentales. ¿Qué significa ser “inteligentes en relación con los bosques”? En esencia, tiene que ver con examinar de manera integral los paisajes para entender cómo los bosques se ven afectados por las actividades de otros sectores y de qué manera mejorar los beneficios que obtenemos de los bosques. Por un lado, la deforestación y la degradación de los bosques en el mundo son impulsadas por diversos factores, que incluyen la expansión de las tierras agrícolas, el desarrollo de caminos y explotaciones mineras y la demanda de combustibles obtenidos a partir de la madera. Por otro lado, si bien estas actividades son esenciales para el desarrollo económico de los países y el bienestar de las comunidades locales, también pueden socavar los valiosos servicios que proporcionan los bosques, entre ellos el secuestro de carbono, la filtración de aire y agua, la fertilidad del suelo, así como el hecho de constituir una fuente de ingresos y empleo. En el Banco Mundial, ser inteligentes en relación con los bosques implica encontrar las complementariedades —y no solo los factores contrapuestos— entre estos diferentes sectores, con el fin de generar beneficios tanto para el clima como para el desarrollo. Este enfoque aparece en el Plan de Acción Forestal (i) del Grupo Banco Mundial para los ejercicios 2016-2020, y constituye un elemento fundamental para alcanzar los objetivos del Banco Mundial en materia de reducción de la pobreza, ya que los bosques proporcionan un apoyo crucial a los pobres. En todo el mundo, 1 de cada 11 personas sale de la pobreza extrema gracias a los recursos forestales. Además de los 300 millones a 350 millones de habitantes que viven en o cerca de los bosques y dependen casi exclusivamente de ellos para su subsistencia, cientos de millones más usan los bosques para obtener alimentos, materiales de construcción y energía. Para implementar un enfoque inteligente en relación con los bosques es clave trabajar con diversos asociados en la tarea de identificar oportunidades de beneficio mutuo y diseñar soluciones innovadoras que se puedan implementar a mayor escala. Es importante destacar que el Banco Mundial puede aprovechar su experiencia en una amplia gama de sectores, no solo en el sector forestal sino también en las industrias extractivas, la infraestructura, la gestión del riesgo de desastres, la energía y la agricultura, entre otros. En Mozambique, un proyecto por un monto de USD 47 millones (i) constituye un buen ejemplo de cómo el Grupo Banco Mundial implementa un enfoque inteligente en relación con los bosques. En este país, se pierden en la actualidad alrededor de 140 000 hectáreas forestales cada año. Mediante este proyecto se invierte en los medios de subsistencia de miles de pequeños y medianos propietarios de tierras, lo cual permite mejorar la sostenibilidad de las actividades que pueden afectar a los bosques —como la producción de madera y carbón vegetal, y los cultivos agrícolas— y, al mismo tiempo, reducir la deforestación y las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero. El sector forestal ya representa casi el 3 % del producto interno bruto (PIB) de Mozambique (según estimaciones de 2011) y emplea de manera directa a 22 000 personas y existe un potencial considerable para aumentar estos beneficios. Otro ejemplo es la labor del Banco Mundial en Moldova, donde la mayoría de las comunidades pobres dependen de la agricultura para su subsistencia, pero la competitividad de las exportaciones agroalimentarias sigue siendo relativamente baja. Uno de los objetivos del Proyecto sobre Competitividad del Sector Agrícola (i) en este país es aumentar el uso de prácticas de gestión sostenible de la tierra como las cortinas forestales, que pueden limitar la erosión del suelo y secuestrar el carbono, contribuyendo al mismo tiempo a generar mayores rendimientos para los agricultores. También estamos aprendiendo más sobre cómo aprovechar los impactos positivos de los bosques para reducir los riesgos de los desastres naturales. Los manglares, por ejemplo, no solo pueden actuar como un amortiguador contra las tormentas, las inundaciones y la erosión costera, sino que también proporcionan un valioso hábitat para la vida silvestre, lo que se traduce en resultados positivos para la pesca, el turismo y los empleos a nivel local. En Jamaica —uno de los países más vulnerables a los riesgos naturales— un proyecto por un monto de USD 30 millones (i) tiene como objetivo ayudar al Gobierno a fortalecer la resiliencia del país ante tales amenazas, e incluye medidas como la implementación de soluciones de infraestructura basadas en la naturaleza. Este proyecto, con asistencia adicional del Programa sobre Bosques (i) y el Fondo Mundial para la Reducción de los Desastres y la Recuperación, (i) beneficiará a 300 000 jamaicanos mediante una mejor preparación frente al cambio climático. Sin importar cuál sea el factor que impulse los cambios en la cubierta forestal, estos pueden tener impactos muy reales y de gran alcance en las comunidades y el bienestar de ellas, así como en el clima a nivel mundial. En un mundo cada vez más complejo e interconectado, los desafíos de desarrollo, incluidos los relacionados con los bosques, demandan respuestas más integrales. El Día Internacional de los Bosques, que se celebra el 21 de marzo, constituye un recordatorio de que ser inteligentes en relación con los bosques es un enfoque crucial para alcanzar los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible. ¿Es usted inteligente en relación con los bosques? ¡Para averiguarlo, responda el cuestionario!